PLOTTING AND WRITING SUSPENSE FICTION by Patricia Highsmith — a Review

I read Patricia Highsmith’s PLOTTING AND WRITING SUSPENSE FICTION after Damon Knight included it among his “Suggested Reading” at the end of CREATING SHORT FICTION. He wrote, “Sensible, good-humored, and practical advice from a distinguished mystery writer. Much of what she says about novels can be applied to short stories.” I agree that there are lessons to be learned from this book, but readers will have to hunt for them inside this highly personalized, subjective book. After all, Highsmith (who wrote THE TALENTED MR. RIPLEY and STRANGERS ON A TRAIN) begins her book by saying, “This is not a how-to-do-it handbook.” It’s a collection of lessons she has learned over the course of her career: the successes, the failures, the tips, and the traps.

I enjoyed Highsmith’s advice on how to find the ideas for a story and how to judge whether that idea will carry a short story, a novel, or only a subplot. She also talks about developing or “thickening” those ideas. I am an outliner, and Highsmith isn’t, but I still found her approach interesting. She will outline enough to get rolling, and then look for opportunities to let the characters take over and surprise her (and her readers too). I also enjoyed her advice for starting a story at a brisk pace and keeping it moving, as well as staying in control of a stories “proportions” and themes. I think this advice would be useful for any writer.

But a big negative for me was that throughout the book, Highsmith says, in effect, “This is what works for me. It may not work for you. Although she is very upfront about the subjective nature of this book, I think Stephen King’s ON WRITING is a far more effective autobiography/how-to book for writers in general. If you are focusing on suspense or mystery though, I think you would find this quick read worth your time.

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Using Plot Formulas to Spark Creativity

In my experience, when I get stuck and find it difficult to get my daily writing done, I start to beat myself up, and that only leads to increased pressure and decreased creativity. So what do I do? I change things up, and I have fun while doing it. In his book THE NERDIST WAY, Chris Hardwick talks about bands who can’t come up with new songs so they intentionally try to write the biggest POS song they can. With the pressure gone, creativity returns.

As for me, I like to write a different type of story (if the novel’s stuck, I start a short story, for example). Or I write in a different genre (my novel is fantasy, so maybe I’ll try a mystery story). I might try a different sort of setting, character, or plot. I find that variety helps me break free of bouts of laziness, self-pity, or overactive internal editors.

So what’s a good way to start writing a new type of story? Use a plot formula. There are tons of books and articles that list these formulas. For example, you can find a summary of “Master Plot” formulas here (broken down into the 1 master plot, 3, 7, 20, or even 36 master plots–every author has their own theory on how many plots exist apparently). You can also read about the book PLOTTO on Brain Pickings. PLOTTO covers nearly 1,500 plot summaries, but the notes sometimes read like chess notation.

How should you use the plot formulas to spark creativity? It’s all about having fun with your writing, and trying something new right? So pick the formula that makes you laugh, either because it’s strange, silly, or just wildly different from what you normally write. Pick the one that describes a story you wouldn’t write in a million years. Get your creativity working in a new direction. If you see a way to twist the plot into an even stranger direction, take it.

Here’s the beauty of this plan. In my experience, it’ll move your stressful, blocking story to the background where your subconscious can stew over it–your “boys in the basement” as Stephen King says in ON WRITING. As an added bonus, when you’re stretching that creativity muscle, you’re going to learn something new. But because the pressure’s off (you’re just having fun, remember?), it won’t feel like a lesson. It’ll be a lark, a child’s game, a mad scientist’s experiment. You may not produce a best seller or an award-winning short story, but you probably won’t produce something completely worthless either.

What do you use to get over writer’s block? When you’re jammed up, what do you do to start writing once again? Leave a comment below.

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What’s on Your Reading List?

Today Walter Isaacson’s Steve Jobs biography was released. Although many sites have been focusing on the juicier elements of the book, this article caught my eye. The article highlights the books that influenced Steve Jobs the most.

Included on the list are books like Clayton Christensen’s The Innovator’s Dilemma, King Lear, Moby Dick, the poetry of Dylan Thomas, and Paramahansa Yogananda’s Autobiography of a Yogi. What struck me about this list was how varied it was. Yes, I realize that the list is a “greatest hits” sort of thing, encompassing Jobs’s lifetime, but I think that variety of information was a key to Jobs’s creativity.

Two quotes often repeated by writers within science fiction/fantasy/horror circles are these:

“If you don’t have time to read, you don’t have the time (or the tools) to write. Simple as that.”
― Stephen King (On Writing)

“Read a lot & outside your comfort zone.”
― Neil Gaiman (quoted here, but I believe the original source was a Twitter Q&A that was part of 1 Book, 1 Twitter’s reading of American Gods)

I think many writers, myself included, do read a lot. Most of us probably have a few books on our person at any given time, and we probably read thousands of words online every day. But how widely do we read? For example, I’m currently reading Reamde and re-reading A Clash of Kings. Good reads, but genre reads. So how do I increase variety?

RSS feeds. Collect a ton of feeds and arrange them by topic. Scan your feeds during your morning coffee looking for particularly interesting posts. Every few months, add new ones and delete some old ones. Start reading experts in a field you are not familiar with. Collect feeds from a newspaper you disagree with.

Your local bookstore. What are the best sellers? Yes, feel free to make fun of a few, but look for trends. What’s popular in different genres? What’s popular among non-fiction? Do your RSS feeds keep mentioning a new book? Are you familiar with these trends and topics? If not, maybe you should try learning a bit more about them.

Newspapers. You thought I covered that in the RSS feeds? That was for information. Now I’m talking about book reviews. Most newspapers cover a variety of genres. When’s the last time you read some literary fiction? YA? A collection of essays?

“Great Book” lists. When was the last time you read a classic? Maybe you should pick something from St. John’s College Great Books program. Or the Modern Library’s 100 Best Novels. There are many such lists. Some are broken down by country or century. I know this sort of reading may feel like going back to school, but these books have survived for centuries for a reason. Wouldn’t you like your writing to do the same? Learn from the masters.

Yes, I know your stack of “Books To Be Read” has its own shelf in your house. But variety is important because exploring the unfamiliar will spark ideas you wouldn’t normally have. It will make your writing unique among your chosen genre. We live in an age of “a modern twist on…” and “a mash-up of…,” and while some of these combinations can be derivative, others are wildly imaginative. If you only read within your genre, how will you introduce something different and new? Seek out the new and unique, because assuming a basic level of talent, unique writing often leads to published writing. And what writer doesn’t want that?

How do you increase the variety of your reading list? Post your tips and tricks below.

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Let’s Cut All the Bullsh*t

Some of the most frequent advice given to writers is to edit their writing strictly and severely, removing any extraneous text. In his book ON WRITING, Stephen King recalls a newspaper editor telling him that so long as he took out all the bad parts, King would “never have to work for a living.” Elmore Leonard said, “I try to leave out the parts that people skip.” Even Hemingway once told F. Scott Fitzgerald, “I write one page of masterpiece to ninety-one pages of sh*t. I try to put the sh*t in the wastebasket.” I’m not saying this is bad advice. Quite the contrary. It’s vital. It can also be terribly difficult to do.

Despite my earlier complaints about not being able to turn off my internal editor, my writing is typically rambling and wordy. As a lawyer, this can be a problem. My memos always require a ton of editing to get them down to the bare bones (I think my inner story-teller hates legalese and dry text with a furious passion). But this is good training for my fiction.

So how do I go about editing? Well, first think about what your text should do. In BAGOMBO SNUFF BOX, Vonnegut had a great rule for short story writing: “Every sentence must do one of two things — reveal character or advance the action.” This rule counts for double when it comes to dialog, which can sometimes get away from a writer, stalling the plot and, even worse, boring the reader. Second, print out a hard copy of your draft (trust me, it’s just easier to work with).

Third, and this takes practice, you need to read your writing very slowly. I’m talking at a glacial pace. If you find yourself glossing over whole sentences, you’re reading way too quickly. Many will recommend reading your text out loud. While I think that can be useful for picking up accidental alliteration (see what I did there?), mistakes in tone, or realizing all your characters sound the same, I don’t find it useful when editing out extra bits. Speaking distracts me, preventing me from concentrating as sharply as I need to. Weigh each word carefully and decide if the word, phrase, sentence, paragraph, or sequence is really essential to the story. Constantly ask yourself, “Why is this here? Is there a better way to phrase this–a shorter phrase, a more precise verb? What work does this word/sentence/sequence do?” If you use an outline, to what extent does your piece sync up with it? Do you need to revise one or the other? If you write by the seat of your pants, think about drafting a brief outline at this stage, if only to make sure your plot stays on track.

Cut anything that isn’t essential. If it’s even questionable, you can probably take it out. This may seem harsh, but think about it from the reader’s (or agent’s, editor’s, or publisher’s) point of view: keep your story moving along and they will want to move with it. Slowing them down unnecessarily gives them a chance to put your book down and never return.

Yes, it sucks to take out whole bits or to realize you need to tear down your entire piece and begin again. And you can always keep those deleted bits for use later. The deleted pieces aren’t bad, they’re just not right for this story. Just remember, your writing will be much better once it’s edited. It’s worth the pain that comes from cutting all the bullsh*t.

How do you edit your writing? Any tips you’d like to share?

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